• During the late 1970s Union Carbide developed a low-pressure polymerization process (Unipol process) capable of producing polyethylene in the gas phase that required no solvents. The process employed a chromium based catalyst. In this process ethylene gas and solid catalysts are fed continuously to a fluidized bed reactor.
· Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is produced in the gas phase under low pressure. Catalysts used are either Ziegler type or new generation metallocenes. The Union Carbide process used to produce HDPE could be used to produce the two polymer grades. Terminal olefins (C4–C6) are the usual comonomers to effect branching. Developments in
The present disclosure provides processes for polymerizing olefin(s). Methods can include contacting a first composition and a second composition in a line to form a third composi
This handbook provides an exhaustive description of polyethylene. The 50 chapters are written by some of the most experienced and prominent authors in the field providing a truly unique view of polyethylene. The book starts with a historical discussion on how low density polyethylene was discovered and how it provided unique opportunities in the early days.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the polymerization reactor used to make the polyethylene composition is a fluidized-bed gas phase reactor such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4 302 566 5 834 571 and 5 352 749 typically comprising at least one reactor only one reactor
UNIPOL™ PE Technologycentered on the UNIPOL™ PE Processis the world s most widely practiced PE technology with more than 165 licensed reactor lines in 28 countries producing more than 48 million tons annually (mTA). That s approximately one-third of the world s HDPE/LLDPE output
• During the late 1970s Union Carbide developed a low-pressure polymerization process (Unipol process) capable of producing polyethylene in the gas phase that required no solvents. The process employed a chromium based catalyst. In this process ethylene gas and solid catalysts are fed continuously to a fluidized bed reactor.
The LLDPE process was mainly focused on further enlarging capacity bimodal LLDPE technologies controlling comonomer distribution and easy-processing metallocene LLDPE. To reduce the cost of the production the capacity of Unipol gas-phase polyethylene reactor can reach 600 000 tons per year.
Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene or UHMWPE has a molecular weight about 10 times higher (usually between 3.5 and 7.5 million amu) than High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) resins. It is synthesized using metallocene catalysts and ethane units resulting is structure where ethane units are bonded together resulting in UHMWPE structure
· (iii) Gas phase process. Figure 6 Low pressure gas-phase process. A mixture of ethene and hydrogen is passed over a Phillips catalyst in a fixed bed reactor (Figure 6). Ethene polymerizes to form grains of HDPE suspended in the flowing gas which pass out of the reactor when the valve is released.
· PE export prices increased by as much as 8 cpp for Jan shipments. As of Monday Jan high density polyethylene for blow molding (HDPE BM) was at 51 cts/lb railcar FOB Houston up from 43-46 cts/lb in Dec. Jan linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) butene film was at 46 cts/lb railcar FOB Houston up from 38-42 cts/lb in Dec.
· The reactor effluent is cooled by exchange with feed followed by cooling water or air (6) and sent to the flash drum (7) where hydrogen-rich gas separates from the condensed liquid. The gas phase is compressed (8) and returned to the reactor as quench recycle H2.
· Figure 3 shows a TREF plot of an LLDPE at 0.918 g/cm 3 density and an mLLDPE at 0.917 g/cm 3 density both produced in the gas phase. Also included is a plastomer at 0.900 g/cm 3 density produced in a slurry reactor.
PackagingThanks to its low cost and good flexibility LDPE is used in packaging industry for pharmaceutical and squeeze bottles caps and closures tamper evident liners trash bags films for food packaging (frozen dry goods etc.) laminations etc. Pipes and FittingsLow Density Polyethylene is used to manufacture water pipes and hoses for the pipes and fittings industry due to
The LLDPE process was mainly focused on further enlarging capacity bimodal LLDPE technologies controlling comonomer distribution and easy-processing metallocene LLDPE. To reduce the cost of the production the capacity of Unipol gas-phase polyethylene reactor can reach 600 000 tons per year.
UNIPOL Polypropylene Technology is an all gas-phase technology that is stable and predictable and designed to have fewer moving parts and less equipment than any competing technology. UNIPOL Polypropylene Technology is the least complex process of all polypropylene technologies.
· (iii) Gas phase process. Figure 6 Low pressure gas-phase process. A mixture of ethene and hydrogen is passed over a Phillips catalyst in a fixed bed reactor (Figure 6). Ethene polymerizes to form grains of HDPE suspended in the flowing gas which pass out of the reactor when the valve is released.
· (iii) Gas phase process. Figure 6 Low pressure gas-phase process. A mixture of ethene and hydrogen is passed over a Phillips catalyst in a fixed bed reactor (Figure 6). Ethene polymerizes to form grains of HDPE suspended in the flowing gas which pass out of the reactor when the valve is released.
· POLYETHYLENE (Stabilization and Compounding) Ahmed M. EltayefChief Process Engineer Ras Lanuf oil and gas processing company (Rasco) Introduction Plastics are used in many fields because they
· Figure 3 shows a TREF plot of an LLDPE at 0.918 g/cm 3 density and an mLLDPE at 0.917 g/cm 3 density both produced in the gas phase. Also included is a plastomer at 0.900 g/cm 3 density produced in a slurry reactor.
Developments in the UNIPOL® process for polyethylene FLEXOMERS® EPR/EPDM and polypropylene continue to demonstrate the broad versatility and scope of the process. The potential of catalyst technology to provide dramatic new opportunities in the gas phase remains high. Selection of the appropriate catalyst with control of ligand environment at the active site will provide the basis for
· Gas Phase Ethylene Polymerization-Production Processes Polymer Properties And Reactor ModelingFree download as PDF File (.pdf) Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Production Processes Polymer Properties and Reactor Modeling of Gas Phase Ethylene Polymerization
When Carbide shook the plastic world with the unveiling of their Unipol "gas phase" linear polyethylene in 1978 there was a lacuna or " gap " in polyethylene lingo. PE with density under 0.930 is by definition LOW density ( LDPE ) polyethylene. To distinguish this new Low Density Polyethylene LDPE from conventional LDPE it was dubbed LINEAR low density polyethylene or LLDPE for short.
· Kiashemshaki et al. 12 showed that a fluidized bed reactor for gas phase polyethylene production could be divided into four sections for each phase. Therefore in this study the reactor is considered to be consisted of four continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for the emulsion phase and four plug flow reactors (PFRs) for the bubble phase.
· Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is produced in the gas phase under low pressure. Catalysts used are either Ziegler type or new generation metallocenes. The Union Carbide process used to produce HDPE could be used to produce the two polymer grades. Terminal olefins (C4–C6) are the usual comonomers to effect branching. Developments in
When Carbide shook the plastic world with the unveiling of their Unipol "gas phase" linear polyethylene in 1978 there was a lacuna or " gap " in polyethylene lingo. PE with density under 0.930 is by definition LOW density ( LDPE ) polyethylene. To distinguish this new Low Density Polyethylene LDPE from conventional LDPE it was dubbed LINEAR low density polyethylene or LLDPE for short.
UNIPOL gas-phase polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor was introduced by Union Carbide Corp. (UCC). Expected capacity 450 kt year −1 for copolymerization of C 2 with C 3–8 comonomers. The novel technology is a combination of gas- and slurry-phase reactions at P = 0.7–2.1 MPa and T = 100 °C
In 1977 the UNIPOL™ PE Process took a significant step forward by expanding the technology envelope to encompass LLDPEan all-new class of polyethylene. The new production method was so advanced it required only half the capital cost and a quarter
Linear low density polyethylene (LldPE) is produced by adding alpha-olefins (e.g. butene 4-methyl-pentene-1 hexene or octene) solution or gas phase reactors using traditional Ziegler–Natta chromium or metallocene catalysts. Ultra-high molecular weight
UNIPOL gas-phase polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor was introduced by Union Carbide Corp. (UCC). Expected capacity 450 kt year −1 for copolymerization of C 2 with C 3–8 comonomers. The novel technology is a combination of gas- and slurry-phase reactions at P = 0.7–2.1 MPa and T = 100 °C
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